基于核酸适配体的光学纳米传感器在食源性致病菌检测中的应用

食源性疾病一直严重威胁着世界各国人民的健康,而病原菌是引起这类疾病的主要原因。快速、简单、灵敏地筛选食源性致病菌对保证食品安全具有重要意义。纳米材料因其光学特性、独特的结构和催化性能、良好的稳定性和优异的穿透性,已成为近年来光学传感研究的热门课题。作为传感器的信号转换装置和生物识别分子的负载基质,纳米材料具有比表面积大、表面自由能高、生物相容性好、表面官能团丰富等特点。适配体是通过体外筛选的短单链核酸,具有合成简单、稳定性好、亲和力高、选择性强、适用性广等优点,是生物应用中理想的分子受体。利用基于适配体的光学纳米传感器检测食源性致病菌,克服了传统检测方法的耗时费力、难以定量、不便现场检测等缺点,成为当前食源性致病菌快速检测的研究热点。因此,本文综述了食源性疾病的流行现状,基于适配体的光学纳米传感器检测食源性致病菌的最新进展,重点介绍了细菌捕获方法和传感技术,以及它们各自的优势和局限性,提出了该技术在实际应用中面临的挑战和前景,以便促进该领域的进一步发展。

Application on aptamer-based optical nanosensors for detection of foodborne pathogens

ABSTRACT: Foodborne diseases have been a serious threat to the people''s health around the world, and pathogenic bacteria are the main causes of these diseases. Rapid, simple and sensitive screening of foodborne pathogens is of great significance to ensure food safety. Nanomaterials have become an extremely popular theme in optical sensing research in recent years because of their optical properties, unique structure and catalytic properties, good stability, and excellent penetration. As the signal conversion device for sensors and the loading matrix for biorecognition molecules, nanomaterials have the characteristics of large specific surface area, high surface free energy, good biocompatibility, and abundant surface functional groups. Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides screened in vitro, and they have many advantages, such as simple synthesis, good stability, high affinity, excellent selectivity and wide applicability, making them ideal molecular receptors for biological applications The application of aptamer-based optical nanosensors to detect foodborne pathogens overcomes the disadvantages of traditional detection methods, such as time-consuming and laborious, difficult quantification, and inconvenient on-site detection, it has become a research hotspot in the field of rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. Therefore, this review summarized the current epidemic status of foodborne diseases and recent progess of aptamer-based optical nanosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens. We highlighted the bacterial capture methods and sensing technologies, as well as their respective advantages and limitations, and presented the challenges and prospects of this technology in practical application with a view to promoting further development in this field.