镁/铝双金属复合材料成形工艺的研究进展及影响结合层的因素

镁合金和铝合金具有密度低、比强度高等特点，在汽车轻量化方面具有显著优势。Mg/Al双金属复合材料兼具2种金属的优点，在运输、电子3C等领域具有广泛的应用前景。制备Mg/Al复合材料的方法可分为焊接、铸造、轧制和挤压4大类。在制备Mg/Al复合材料时，4种方法均会不可避免地在界面结合处产生硬脆相的金属间化合物(IMC)，如Al3Mg2、Al12Mg17等。硬脆相的IMC往往不利于Mg/Al之间的结合。提高Mg/Al双金属复合材料结合强度的关键是消除或者减少IMC。针对以上问题，综述了目前较为前沿的焊接、铸造、轧制、挤压等用于制备Mg/Al双金属复合材料的新工艺，分析了不同工艺及其参数、夹层合金元素、界面形状对结合层组织和性能的影响。最后，对目前制备Mg/Al复合材料成形工艺的研究现状进行了总结与展望。

Research Progress in Forming Process of Mg/Al Bimetallic Composites and Factors Affecting the Bonding Layer

Magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy are featured with low density and high specific strength, and have significant advantages in lightweight of automobiles. Mg/Al bimetallic composites combine the advantages of both metals and have a wide range of applications in transport, electronics 3C and other fields. The methods for preparing Mg/Al composites can be divided into four main categories:welding, casting, rolling and extrusion. When preparing Mg/Al composites, all four methods inevitably produce Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs) with hard and brittle phases, such as Al3Mg2, Al12Mg17, etc. at the interface bond. IMCs in the hard and brittle phase are often detrimental to the bonding between Mg/Al. The key to improving the bonding strength of Mg/Al bimetallic composites is the elimination or reduction of IMCs. In response to these problems, the new processes such as welding, casting, rolling and extrusion at the forefront for the preparation of Mg/Al bimetallic composites were reviewed. The effect of the processes and their different parameters, intercalation alloying elements, and interface shapes on the organization and properties of the bonded layers were analyzed. Finally, the current status of the forming processes for preparation of Mg/Al composites was summarized and presented in perspective.