稀土在直接甲醇燃料电池铂基催化剂中的应用及研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)以其高效、低污染的特点而备受关注。铂基电催化剂被认为是DMFC阳极的有效催化剂。但由于在甲醇氧化过程中铂的活性中心容易被产生的中间产物如CO等吸附和堵塞，导致催化活性降低，稳定性差，严重制约了直接甲醇燃料电池推广应用。稀土元素由于其4f轨道独特的电子结构和相应的镧系收缩效应，在铂基电催化剂中可有效提高铂催化剂的活性和耐久性。本文简要总结近年来稀土氧化物作为铂基电催化剂的助催化剂、碳材料掺杂改性剂和载体在甲醇氧化反应中的催化活性和抗CO中毒能力应用研究，以及铂-稀土金属(Pt-RE)纳米合金催化剂对DMFC长期运行稳定性的影响；并对稀土元素在铂基电催化剂中的应用发展提出了展望。

Application and research progress of rare-earth matals in platinum catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), as a high efficient and clean power source, have attracted great research interest. Platinum-based electrocatalysts are widely used as anode catalysts for DMFC. However, in the methanol oxidation, the active center of platinum is easily blocked by intermediate products such as CO via absorption mechanism, resulting in reduced catalytic activity and poor stability which seriously restrict the application of direct methanol fuel cells. Rare-earth metals added in Pt-based electrocatalysts can effectively improve the activity and durability. In this review, the application of rare- earth metal oxides as co-catalysts, carbon doped modifiers and carriers were introduced, and their contribution to the catalytic activity and anti-CO poisoning ability were also discussed. In addition, the effect of Pt-RE nanoalloy catalysts on the long-term stability of DMFC was analyzed. Finally, the future development was prospected.