世界核电发展趋势与高温气冷堆

核能的发展面临经济竞争力、核安全、核废物的最终处置及防止核武器材料扩散的挑战。为改善公众的可接受性 ,核电厂的安全性进一步改进。电力市场体制的非管制化改革加剧了电力技术的竞争。环境保护意识增强使核废物的处置倍受关注。 80年代中期以来发展的先进轻水堆核电厂如ABWR ,System 80 ,EPR ,AP60 0等是今后一段时期内商用核电的主力堆型。进入 2 0 0 0年之际 ,美国能源部正在规划发展第四代先进核能系统 ,目标是在 2 0 2 0年或之前 ,向市场提供经过验证的成熟的第四代核电厂技术 ,以替代美国退役的核电容量。球床高温气冷堆被认为是第四代先进核能系统的优选技术。南非ESKOM电力公司选择了球床高温气冷堆作为今后核电发展的堆型。清华大学承担设计和建设的 10MW高温气冷实验堆计划在 2 0 0 0年内临界。通过10MW高温气冷堆的建造 ,我国已形成了高温气冷堆技术的自主知识产权 ,初步具备了自主设计、制造和建造的能力

World Development of Nuclear Power System and High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor

The major challenges of the nuclear power are economic competition, safety, profilication resistance and waste storage. The safety of the nuclear power plants has been enhanced continuously in order to improve the public acceptance. The de regulation of the electricity market in the United States and Europe encourages the competition between the different power generation technologies. The waste storage has been paid great attention. The ALWRs like ABWR, System 80 , EPR and AP 600 development from mid of 1980s are the major commercial products available in the market in the near future. When the time enter the 21 century, US DOE is planning to develop the Generation IV nuclear power system, in order to design one or more nuclear power systems that is market available before or in the year of 2020 and could be used to replace the current nuclear power plants. The modular pebble bed High Temperature Gas cooled Reactor (HTGR) is considered as a prefer candidate in the Generation IV nuclear power systems. The South Africa selected the modular HTGR as the reactor type to develop. The 10 MW test HTGR (HTR 10) designed and constructed in Tsinghua University Beijing is scheduled to reach critical in the year of 2000. Based on the HTR 10 project, China has established her preliminary capability of designing, constructing and manufacturing pebble bed modular HTGRs.