对中国发展工业铝挤压材的探讨

在中国把挤压铝材按用途分为建筑及结构材（简称建筑材）与工业材（除建筑材以外的其他一切挤压铝材）。中国已跨过铝挤压强国门槛，自2001年成为挤压材净出口国以来，2005年的净出口量324．56kt。铝挤压工业的地区结构合理，与经济发展相适应；全球21个工业发达国家2004年的平均工业材与建筑材之比为54：46，没有一个国家工业材的比例达65％以上，中国2005年工业材的比例占34％，2012年的这个比例可达45％。截止到2006年底中国拥有16台大挤压机，总挤压力1170MN，总生产能力约140kt／a，但高速铁路与磁悬浮铁路车辆制造所需要的大挤压材仍不能满足需求，需要进口相当大的一部分。不是生产能力与产量不够，而是在品质方面存在诸多不尽人意之处。大挤压工业型材面临的最大挑战是市场与技术，是自主创新力量薄弱。中国还需要增建200MN与150MN的工业材挤压机各1台。

Discussion on the development of China industrial aluminum extrusions

The aluminum extrusion materials are classified into the building and structure aluminum extrusion materials(in short:construction aluminum materials) and the industrial aluminum extrusion materials(all other aluminum extrusions except the construction aluminum extrusion materials) in the light of their usage in China.China has stridden the threshold of the powers of the aluminum extrusions,and has been entering the elementary powers of the aluminum extrusions as well since 2001,in which China became the net exporting nation,the net export in 2005 was 324.56 kt.The regional layout of the aluminum extrusion industry in China is reasonable,and is adaptive to the China economic development.The mean ratio of the industrial extrusions to the construction ones of the twenty one developed countries in the world in 2004 was 54:46.No country has reached the ratio of the industrial aluminum extrusions more than 65%.The ratio in 2005 was 34%,and will be 45% in 2012 in China.By the end of 2006,China will have 16 sets of heavy presses,the gross force of which will be 1 170 MN,and their total production capacity will be approximately 140 kt/a.But the large-size extrusions needed to build the vans of the high-speed trains and the magnetic levitation vehicles cannot meet the demand yet.So it will be necessary to import a lot of the large-size aluminum extrusions.The greatest challenges to be confronted in producing the large-size aluminum extrusions are market and technology,or the innovative force on our own is weak.It is necessary also to construct a set of 150 MN press and a set of 200 MN press for the industrial aluminum extrusions in China.