贵州省磷矿及伴生矿种开发利用面临的问题与对策建议

贵州省磷矿查明资源储量42.51亿t,与磷矿伴生的碘资源8.07万t,伴生稀土矿85.89万t,伴生氟资源约4 179万t,磷矿及其伴生矿产资源储量丰富。磷矿年产1 700万t左右,工业总产值53亿元,占全省约10%,伴生碘与伴生氟资源已实现综合利用。在深入研究磷矿及其伴生矿开发利用现状的基础上,认为贵州省磷矿及其伴生矿产在开发利用过程中存在伴生氟矿资源管理欠缺、伴生稀土矿的工业化生产技术未攻破、矿业开采与古生物遗迹保护相冲突、矿业开发与生态保护相矛盾、综合利用相关法律法规不健全等五方面的问题。提出建立伴生氟工业指标,将氟资源纳入统计管理;加强“产、学、研”相结合,推动伴生稀土矿的工业化生产技术研究;牢固树立生态文明建设观念,加强矿业开发与文化建设的结合;坚持守好发展与生态两条底线,切实解决好矿业开发产生的生态问题;建立健全综合利用的相关法律法规,促进矿业综合利用法制化五个方面的建议。

Problems and suggestions on the development and utilization of phosphate ores and associated ores in Guizhou Province

In Guizhou province, 4.251 billion tons of Phosphorite Resources have been identified, 80.7 million tons of iodine resources associated with phosphorite, 858.9 million tons of rare earth ores and 41.79 million tons of fluorine resources. Phosphate and its associated mineral resources are abundant. Phosphate ore has an annual output of about 17 million tons and an industrial output value of 5.3 billion yuan, accounting for about 10% of the province. The associated iodine and fluorine resources have been comprehensively utilized. On the basis of in-depth study of the present situation of the development and utilization of phosphate rock and its associated minerals, there are five problems were found. The first problem is the lack of management of associated fluorine resources. The second problem is that the industrial production technology of associated rare earth ores has not been broken. The third problem is the conflict between mining and paleontological heritage conservation. The fourth problem is the contradiction between mining development and ecological protection. The fifth problem is the imperfect comprehensive utilization of relevant laws and regulations. The suggestions are put forward in five aspects. The first aspect is to establish the index of associated fluorine industry and to integrate fluorine resources into statistical management. The second aspect is to strengthen the combination of production, learning and research to promote the industrial production technology of associated rare earth elements. The third is to firmly establish the concept of ecological civilization construction and strengthen the combination of mining development and cultural construction. Fourthly, we should adhere to the two bottom lines of development and ecology and solve the ecological problems arising from mining development. The fifth aspect is to establish and improve the relevant laws and regulations of comprehensive utilization and promote the legalization of comprehensive utilization of mining industry.