Hydrodynamic Performance of Wave-Driven Artificial Upwelling Device

Artificial upwelling and mixing is a new technology for enhancing open ocean mariculture using nutrient-rich deep ocean water. A wave-driven artificial upwelling device was developed based on mathematical modeling and hydraulic experiments. Results of the numerical modeling are in good agreement with hydraulic experiments. The mathematical model was applied to simulate the operation of a prototype device in typical Hawaiian waves. The prototype device consists of a buoy with a water chamber 4.0 m in diameter, a flow-controlling valve, and a long tail pipe 300 m in length and 1.2 m in diameter. This device can produce an upwelling flow of 0.62 m3∕s in regular Hawaiian waves with a period of 12 s and a wave height of 1.9 m. Two analytical solutions to the simplified governing equations were also derived that provide a basis for the derivation of predictive equations, useful for preliminary engineering design and analysis.