Clonal relationships among high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States |
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| Authors: | GV Doern AB Brueggemann M Blocker M Dunne HP Holley KS Kehl J Duval K Kugler S Putnam A Rauch MA Pfaller |
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| Affiliation: | Virology Section, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Nepear, Ontario, Canada. |
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| Abstract: | Emu antibody responses to avian influenza virus (AIV) infection were evaluated by the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. All birds infected with AIV H5N1, H5N3, or H7N7 developed antinucleoprotein (NP) antibodies as early as 7 days postinfection as detected by the C-ELISA. The responses lasted 49 days for the emus receiving H5N3 and at least 56 days for emus receiving the other two viruses. By evaluating 50 emu field serum samples, the C-ELISA was found more sensitive than the AGID test for the detection of anti-NP antibodies. This study indicates that emus experimentally infected with AIV developed antibody responses that can be detected by C-ELISA, AGID, and HI tests. The results from this and our previous studies demonstrate the use of the C-ELISA as a substitute for the AGID test in a routine serodiagnostic screening for detection of antibodies to AIV infection in multiple avian species. |
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