聚乙烯醇缩丁醛纳米复合材料在环境设计中的应用

综述了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/纳米复合材料的国内外制备现状,介绍了纳米复合材料的发展、分类、结构与性能及PVB的广泛用途;并展望了其未来研究的发展方向以及在环境设计中的应用.通过采用共混法在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛材料中引入纳米SiO2粒子制备了均匀的PVB/SiO2复合材料.以UV-VIS,FT-IR,XRD,SEM等现代测试手段表征了材料的微观形貌、结构和光学性能.结果表明:由于纳米SiO2粒子的引入,使PVB/SiO2复合材料具有良好的紫外线屏蔽性能.同时,材料的韧性得到明显提高,其断裂伸长率为纯PVB材料的8倍.具有一定的工业应用前景.尤其,能够解决环境设计中相关材料的光污染问题.

Application of Poly (vinylbutyral) SiO_2 Nanocomposites in Environment Design

Firstly,a general introduction of history, sorts, structure and properties of nanocomposites and the great utilities of Poly (vinyl butyral) is introduced, then preparation status of PVB/SiO2 nanocomposites is reviewed,including domestic and abroad. In addition,the future research tendency was also outlined. And the application in environment design.Poly (vinyl butyral)/Silica nanocomposite materials in which the content of nano-sized silica is varied. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of the composites were studied by UV-VIS,FT-IR,SEM and XRD. The results showed that the silica forms nanometer micro-phase with the diameter from about 30 nm to 50 nm and disperses in the poly (vinyl butyral) matrix. It is found that ultraviolet rays from 290 nm to 400 nm can be effecively absorbed and shielded by the transparen tresinmem brane made from the PVB/S iO2 nano-composites. The mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated, and the results were obtained in the elongation at break. Meanwhile, the current technique is characterized by many advantages, such as simple, low cost, easy to be controlled and broader applicability. Especially solved the problem of light pollution environment design.