分职业视角下南京市外来工就业空间分布研究——兼论其与城市就业空间的关联

以南京市主城区展开实证,基于"分职业"(商业服务业和生产运输设备操作业)视角,从"就业集聚分区"和"就业中心体系"两方面,探讨外来务工人员就业空间的分布特征,并进一步通过空间拟合解析其与城市就业空间的关联。结果显示:(1)商业服务业外来工就业集聚区大量集中于主城中南部核心区域,生产运输设备操作外来工就业集聚区大量集中于主城北部边缘区域,二者叠加致使外来工就业总体呈现出明显的"核心放射+半环带"的空间分布格局。(2)商业服务业外来工呈单中心就业体系,生产运输设备操作外来工无就业中心,两种职业人口共同集聚致使外来工总体呈现出一"主"一"次"、分具"单一"和"综合"特征的"双中心"结构。(3)商业服务业人员外来工就业集聚区呈现出较好的融合特性,而生产运输设备操作外来工就业集聚区则呈现出吸引和互斥的多重特征,致使外来工总体与城市就业空间呈现出融合与隔离并存的双重特性。(4)外来工分职业和城市分行业就业中心呈现出更多的相似性,商业服务业外来工就业与城市服务业还呈现出明显的分子力作用关系,但叠加之后,两者总体上呈现出了截然相异的空间体系,外来工就业在西北沿江地区形成了独立于城市就业结构的"非依附性质"的另类中心。

DISTRIBUTION OF MIGRANT WORKERS' EMPLOYMENT SPACE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH URBAN EMPLOYMENT SPACE OF NANJING: A SUB-OCCUPATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRAC T: Tak ing Nanjing Main City(NMC) as an example, based on the "sub-occupational(commercial service industry and production industry) and overall" perspectives, this paper explores the distribution of employment space of migrant workers from two aspects of "employment agglomeration area" and "employment center system", and further analyzes its relationship with urban employment space by use of space fitting. The results show:(1) Employment agglomeration areas of migrant workers in commercial service industry are concentrated in the core areas in the southern part of NMC, those in the production industry are concentrated in the northern edge of NMC, the superposition of these two types of agglomeration areas shows an overall pattern of "core radiating + semi-ring".(2) The migrant workers in the commercial service industry are concentrated in a single employment center, while there are no employment centers for those in the production industry, the combination of which leads to a "dualcenter" structure that has one "center" and one "subcenter" with "single" and "comprehensive" functions respectively.(3) The employment agglomeration areas of migrant workers in commercial service industry present a better integration characteristic, while those in production industry present multiple characteristics of attraction and mutual exclusion, which leads to the dual characteristics of integration and isolation in the relationship between the employment spaces.(4) In view of the relationship between the employment centers respectively based on the sub-occupational division of migrant workers and based on the sub-sectoral division of the city, the two have more similarities, and the employment space of migrant workers in the commercial service industry and that of the service industry of the city show an obvious relationship of molecular force. However, after superposition, they show completely different spatial systems, in which migrant workers have formed an independent center in the northwestern area along the Yangtze River that is separated from the urban employment structure.