隋大兴城市规划的知识体系——以历史人物为线索的文献考察

由于历史上专门性理论著作的缺乏和城市规划本身的复杂性,学术界对中国古代城市规划知识的内容、结构与特色的认知尚较为模糊。本文通过以历史人物为线索的文献考察,以隋大兴为典型案例,以获得对这一时期中国古代城市规划知识的基本认识。首先梳理大兴城市规划流程,明确战略决策与布局建设两个阶段中的参与主体;进而分析并验证参与主体的知识构成,包括:政治谋略、典章制度、天文、地理、占卜、空间布局的技艺、设计工艺、人力与物力管理的技术等;最终综合归纳,提出中国古代都城规划中存在一个结构化的知识体系,这一体系具有"工匠传统"与"王公传统"的双重属性,并与职官体系紧密结合在一起。

THE KNOWLEDGE BODY OF URBAN PLANNING OF DAXING IN THE SUI DYNASTY:LITERATURE STUDY BASED ON THE CLUE OF HISTORICAL FIGURES

Due to the lack of ancient theoretic works and the complexity of urban planning, the basic content, structure, and characteristics of ancient Chinese urban planning are vague. To overcome the limitations of previous studies, this paper adopts a literature study based on the clue of historical figures, and takes Daxing in the Sui Dynasty as an example. It teases out the planning process of Daxing, and analyzes and verifies the principal participators and their knowledge compositions, including political strategy, rites and institution, astronomy, geography, geomancy, art of spatial distribution, craft of design, and workforce and materials management. It concludes that there is a structured body of knowledge in the ancient capital planning with dual attributes of "Craft Tradition" and "Court Tradition, " which is firmly attached to the bureaucratic system.