规划“不可能三角”——一个关于规划价值的新视角

借鉴西方经济学中的"不可能三角"模型,提出高度的市场经济、充分的社会民主和稳定的规划秩序构成了规划的"不可能三角",其内在逻辑是城市发展过程中市场理性与社会理性的矛盾,以及这对矛盾的协调界面——规划秩序。围绕这一模型,可以对规划地位、规划理性、规划价值、规划实践展开新视角下的讨论,主要观点包括:(1)对于城市发展,规划秩序应与经济社会发展拥有对等的影响权重,而不是简单地随动、从属于经济社会的发展和变革。因此,规划地位应予以加强并在空间秩序的构建中回归人的本质。(2)规划理性首先应知"有不可为",要把握好"度";其次,秩序的要义是"各适其位,各尽其才"。(3)规划价值体现在明确"是非"问题、不较"长短"问题、慎对"有无"问题,要构建一个兼具原则性、程序性和包容性的规划秩序。(4)在规划实践中必须重视规划的技术制度二象性,加强空间规划与政策设计的结合。

THE IMPOSSIBLE TRINITY OF URBAN PLANNING: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON PLANNING VALUE

Based on the "impossible trinity" model in Western economic theory, this paper proposes that a highly market-oriented economy, fully social democracy, and stable planning order constitute the "impossible trinity" of urban planning field. Its internal logic is the contradiction between market rationality and social rationality in the process of urban development, as well as the coordination interface of the contradiction, i.e., planning order. Revolving around this model, it is possible to discuss the status, rationality, value, and practice of planning from a new perspective, and get the following main points.① As to urban development, planning order should have equal weight with economic and social development,rather than simply following and subordinating to economic and social development and change. Therefore, planning status should be strengthened and return to the human nature in the formation process of spatial order.② Planning rationality should firstly consider "what cannot be done," and the key is moderation; secondly, the essence of planning order is that "each has its suitable place, and made the best use."③ Planning value is reflected in defining "what is right or what is wrong," making no comment on "merits and demerits," and being cautious of "possibilities and choices," to build a planning order that is principled, procedural, and inclusive.④ In planning practice, it is necessary to emphasize the duality of the technical system and to strengthen the combination of spatial planning and policy design.