山东胶南土壤动物群落多样性的初步研究

对山东省胶南市土壤动物群落进行取样调查，共获得土壤动物783只，经初步鉴定为14类，隶属于3门，5纲，14目，通过分析其种类组成和数量分布，研究其多样性、均匀性、优势度和相似性，并结合样区的背景，发现在山地的土壤动物种类和数量都比较少，蚂蚁成为优势类群，而在菜园、果园和麦地的土壤动物无论是种类还是数量都比较多，优势类群为隐气门亚目、中气门亚目和双尾目。同时综合所取各样区土壤动物的分布情况，蜱螨目是主要的优势类群，占全区土壤动物总数的43．04％。另外，环境条件的改变往往是某些类群生存繁衍的限制性冈素，在胶南市抽样调查的这五个样区中，人为因素、土壤类型、植被群落、水热条件以及地形、坡向、坡度等因素的不同均对土壤动物的生态分布产生了深刻影响。

Study on Soil Animal Community Structure of Jiaonan,Shandong Province

Soil animal community structure was studied in five different places of Jiaonan. Species of community, number and similarity of individuals, diversity, evenness, dominance coefficient of soil animal community were analyzed. The total number was 783, including 3 phylum, 5 class, 14 order. The results showed that garden, orchchard and corn field were dominate either in species of community or in number of individuals, in addition, Crvptostigmata, Mesostigmara, Diplura and Prostigmata were the dominants. While, number and species of soil animal in mountain were both lower than other places and the ants were dominants. From all of the five samples, it could be concluded that Acarina was dominate, which was 43.04 % of the total animals. The changes of circumstance condition usually became the limit factor of survival and multiply of some groups. In the five places of Jiaonan, differences of soil animal community structure could be due to artificial influences, soil type, vegatation community, condition of water and heat, landform and differences of the slope.