明清苏作家具雕饰艺术特征分析

目的探析明清苏作家具雕饰艺术特征内涵,并对明清不同时期苏作家具雕饰艺术的嬗变表现及其变化机理有清晰的辨识。方法通过对现存明清苏作家具木雕实例的收集、归纳、分类,提炼出明清苏作家具雕饰的艺术特征。结论明清苏作家具雕刻装饰由初期的简洁走向繁复,由装饰与结构的融合走向装饰与结构的二元分离,但总体保持装饰有度的特色,也呈现出布局对称均衡,主题统一、有层次,用材具有地域性等整体特征。明清苏作家具雕刻主流纹饰在雕刻题材、雕刻技法、雕刻用材、审美风格等方面的差异变化以清朝中期为时间节点,呈现出题材世俗化、构图组合化、位置程式化、饰面浓华化、用材差异化的趋向特征,这一现象正是由儒商结合的风尚、上行下效的消费心理、商品经济的繁荣与市民文化的兴起以及雕刻工具技术的改良所引起的。

Su-style Furniture Carving Art Characteristics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

The work aims to explore the connotation of artistic characteristics of Su-style furniture carving in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and clearly identify its transmutation forms and mechanism. By collecting and classifying the existing Su-style furniture woodcarving examples in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it refined the carving artistic features. The sculpture decoration of Su-style furniture changes from simplicity to complexity, from the integration of decoration and structure to their separation, but the overall characteristics of decoration are kept to a certain degree, and also present the overall characteristics of symmetry and balance of layout, unification and hierarchy of themes, and regionality of materials. The difference of mainstream decoration of Su-style furniture carving in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the carving theme, carving techniques, carving materials, aesthetic style and other differences take the mid-Qing Dynasty as a node of time, showing the theme of secularization, composition, position stylization, decorative luxuriance, material differentiation trend characteristics. This phenomenon results from the combination of Confucianism and businessmen, the consumer psychology with upstream and downstream effect, the prosperity of commodity economy, the rise of civic culture and the improvement of sculpture tools and techniques.