微震监测技术及其在煤矿的应用现状与展望

微震监测技术是利用煤岩破裂产生的微震信息来研究煤岩结构和稳定性的一种实时、动态、连续的地球物理监测方法，主要包含微震传感器台网优化、微震信号识别及到时拾取、波速模型、微震波形特征、震源定位与成像、震源机制、微震监测预警等。近30 a来，微震监测技术在煤矿安全高效生产中得到了广泛应用。煤岩破坏过程中的微震波形特征、震源定位、矿震活动性规律、冲击地压微震监测预警等方面取得了一系列研究成果；在煤与瓦斯突出、突水、煤岩水力压裂、井下救援的微震监测方面进行了初步研究和探索，并取得了一些有益研究结果。然而煤矿微震监测仍然有很多问题需要进行系统深入研究，主要包含如下：煤岩不同破坏类型，特别是流体作用或参与下的微震波形信号特征；高精度的微震信号自动识别和到时自动拾取；基于微震监测的被动成像理论与技术；煤岩动力灾害前兆信息智能感知和多元信息融合监控预警体系；煤岩水力压裂裂缝微震监测与定位成像技术等。同时还应加快发展和完善具有自主知识产权的高性能、高精度、高可靠性的微震监测系统。

Microseismic monitoring technique and its applications at coal mines:present status and future prospects

The microseismic (MS) monitoring technique,which uses the signals emitted during the coal or rock fracture process to study the mechanical stability of coal or rock material and/or the associated rock structure,is a real time,dynamic,and continuous geophysics monitoring method.This technique mainly includes MS sensors network optimization,MS events recognition and arrival time picking,velocity model,MS waves characteristics,source location and tomography,focal mechanism,and MS monitoring and early warning,etc.During the past 30 years,MS monitoring technique has been widely used in the coal mines safety and efficient production.A lot of research achievements on MS wave characteristics during the coal or rock fracture process,source location,MS activities laws,MS monitoring and early warning of rockbursts have been obtained.The preliminary studies and discussions have been carried out on the MS monitoring of coal and gas outbursts,water inrush,coal or rock hydraulic fracture,and underground coal mines rescue.Some useful research results have been obtained.However,there are still many scientific issues about coal mine MS technology needing to research systematically and in-depth,which mainly include the MS waves characteristics of different coal or rock fracture types,especially for those fractures with fluid participated in；high accuracy MS events automatic recognition and arrival time picking methods；the passive seismic tomography theory and techniques based on MS technology；the precursor information intelligence and multi-information fusion monitoring and early warning system for coal or rock dynamic disasters；coal or rock hydraulic fracturing MS monitoring and imaging technique.In the meantime,the high performance,high precision,high reliability of MS monitoring system with independent intellectual property rights should be developed and improved.