The dynamic elastic modulus of hardened cement paste. Part I: A new statistical model—water and ice filled pores

The dynamic elastic modulus and damping coefficient of hardened cement paste is measured by exciting the natural mode of oscillation of a hardened cement paste beam in a temperature range between +20 and −160°C. The damping from the system and water vapour exchange with the specimen are negligible. A new statistical model is proposed for combining the elastic moduli of the constituents: solid matrix, water ice and air. Water-saturated specimens were measured, delivering results for the elastic moduli of solid, ice and water by applying the model.