矿区土壤重金属污染遥感反演研究进展

随着工矿企业开采力度加剧、采矿废气排放与废水灌溉增多，矿区表层土壤重金属污染日渐成为人们关注的环境热点问题。如何快速高效地掌握矿区土壤重金属含量空间分布是进行矿区开采及风险评价的前提条件。由于土壤重金属在遥感光谱上所表现出来的特殊的反射特征，遥感技术已逐渐成为矿区土壤重金属污染反演新的技术手段，为区域环境污染状况评估提供了新的契机。总结了目前地面实测与室内反演、多光谱与高光谱、直接与间接遥感反演矿区土壤重金属污染的技术方法及优劣性，对比分析了不同反演模型的精度及改进方法，展望了今后的研究趋势。为探索利用遥感技术反演土壤重金属含量的可行性，及生态环境改善、土壤质量评估及矿区规划等提供了重要的科学依据和决策支撑。 

Research Process of Remote Sensing Inversion of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Mining Area

With the intensification of mining in industrial and mining enterprises, and the increase of waste gas discharge and wastewater irrigation, heavy metal pollution in the surface soil of mining area has become a hot environmental issue. How to grasp the spatial distribution of heavy metal content in the mining area quickly and efficiently is a prerequisite for the assessment of mining risk. Because of the special reflection characteristics of soil heavy metal in remote sensing spectrum, remote sensing technology has gradually become a new technical means of soil heavy metal pollution inversion in mining areas, which provide a new opportunity for regional environmental pollution evaluation. This paper summarizes the technical methods and advantages and disadvantages of ground measurement and indoor inversion, multispectral and hyperspectral inversion, direct and indirect remote sensing for soil heavy metal pollution in mining areas, and compares and analyzes the accuracy and improvement methods of different inversion models. The research trend in the future is prospected. It provides important scientific basis and decision support for exploring the feasibility of retrieving soil heavy metal content in remote sensing technology, improving the ecological environment, evaluating soil quality and planning of mining area.