深埋硬岩隧道卸荷热–力效应及岩爆趋势分析

 在高地应力和高地温的联合作用下，深埋高地温隧道围岩的变形破坏机制将更加复杂。开展不同温度环境下花岗岩加卸载三轴试验，详细分析试样的应力–应变全过程曲线、力学参数变化特征和宏观破坏类型等随温度的变化规律。试验表明：存在60 ℃～100 ℃的温度门槛值，当温度未超过此范围门槛值时，随着温度的增加，岩石峰后变形由延性向脆性转换，温度增强了硬岩的脆性破坏；当温度升高时，主要表现为剪切破坏，出现贯穿试件的剪切破坏。在试验基础之上，开展基于有限差分的热–力耦合分析，利用脆性力学模型和能量指标分析隧道的温度作用效应，进行不同地温下隧道开挖后的力学响应，定量对比不同地温条件下隧道塑性区、应力和能量指标，计算结果表明，隧道地温增加将使岩体岩爆烈度增加。计算结果与试验数据相一致，深埋硬岩隧道卸荷的热–力耦合研究对于深埋高地温隧道的设计和施工具有指导意义。

THERMO-MECHANICAL COUPLING AND ROCKBURST TENDENCY ANALYSIS OF DEEP HARD ROCK TUNNEL

The failure mechanism of tunnel is more complex under the high geostress and high ground temperature action for deep hard rock tunnel. Loading-unloading triaxial tests on granite under different temperatures were carried out. The complete stress-strain curves of rock，mechanical parameters of rock，and macro failure types under different temperature conditions were analyzed in detail. The results show that there is a temperature threshold value of 60 ℃–100 ℃. The failure is from ductile to brittle with the temperature increase if the temperature does not exceed the threshold value. Temperature enhanced the brittle damage of hard rock. Shear is the dominant failure mode with the temperature increase. Then based on the test，thermo-mechanical coupling calculation was carried out. The thermal effect of excavation unloading for hard rock tunnel was calculated by using a brittle constitutive model and energy release rate index. The mechanical response to tunnel excavation was analyzed under different ground temperatures. The plastic zone，stress index and energy release value were compared quantitatively under different ground temperatures. The calculation showed that temperature increase would make rockburst intensity increase，and shear zone increase. The result of calculation and test data is consistent，and the analysis could benefit the understanding of brittle failure under high ground temperature.