从二次资源中回收铱的研究进展

铱（Ir）是一种珍贵的铂族金属，在高新技术和军工技术领域中应用十分广泛。我国金属铱的储量极其有限，含铱废料成为重要的铱资源，从这些二次资源中回收Ir的研究备受关注。本文对铱二次资源的来源进行了介绍，并对回收铱的方法如感应熔化、氧化蒸馏、化学沉淀、萃取、吸附等进行了详细的论述。感应熔化法、氧化蒸馏法等方法步骤繁琐、能耗高、回收效率低、污染环境，现今应用较少。化学沉淀法、萃取法、吸附法等方法简便、周期短，但其无法一步完成，需进行二次回收。要实现金属铱二次资源绿色可持续利用，生物法是一个重要的发展方向。 

Research Progress in the Recovery of Iridium from Secondary Resources

As a precious platinum group element, iridium (Ir) is widely used in the fields of high-tech and military technology. The reserves of the metal iridium in China are extremely limited and the waste containing iridium has become an important resource of iridium. Therefore, the study of recovering Ir from these secondary resources has attracted much attention. In this paper, the secondary resources of iridium were introduced, and the methods of recovering iridium such as induction melting, oxidation distillation, chemical precipitation, extraction, adsorption and so on were discussed in detail. Due to the cumbersome steps, high energy consumption, low efficiency, and environmental pollution, methods such as induction melting and oxidative distillation were less used today. Although chemical precipitation, extraction, adsorption and other methods were simple and short, they could not be completed in one step, which meant the secondary recovery was needed. From this, bio-method will be an important development direction which can realize the sustainable use of Ir in secondary resources.