能源微藻采收技术研究进展

能源微藻由于生长周期短、油脂含量高、可再生、低污染等优点，被认为是未来最有潜力替代化石能源的生物质能源。但是，目前能源微藻生产成本（尤其是在采收环节）过高，阻碍了其产业化进程。本文综述了国内、外能源微藻的采收方法，对絮凝、离心、过滤、气浮等传统方法的作用机理和采收效率进行了比较：絮凝法适用广，离心法效率高；过滤法处理个体大的藻类较为经济；气浮法工艺简单、能耗低。同时，阐述了能源微藻采收的新方法——磁选法、正向渗透技术、真空气举、微生物共生法等，其中，磁选法回收率高，正向渗透技术低污染，真空气举能耗低，微生物共生法可与传统方法相结合，减少化学絮凝药剂的使用。最后，指出了能源微藻采收过程中存在的问题以及今后的发展方向：可通过多种方法相结合来降低采收成本，以期为能源微藻早日实现产业化提供参考。

Research progress of harvesting technologies of energy microalgae

Microalgae is considered the most viable alternative to replace the use of fossil energy due to microalgae’s advantages of short growth cycle，high lipid content，renewability，and low pollution. However，the high cost in microalgae processing，especially in its collection，hinders its commercialization. In this paper，the domestic and international collection methods of microalgae are reviewed. The mechanisms and recovery efficiencies of flocculation，centrifugation，filtration and flotation are highlighted. Flocculation method is widely used，centrifugation method is efficient，filtration method is economical for microalgae large in volume，and flotation method is simple in process and less energy consuming. Meanwhile，some novel harvesting technologies of energy microalgae are presented，such as magnetic separation，osmosis，vacuum gas lift and microbe co-culture. Among these methods，magnetic separation has a high recovery rate，osmosis causes low pollution，vacuum gas lift is low-energy-consuming，and microbe co-culture can be combined with traditional methods so that the amount of flocculating agents can be decreased. Finally，the problems and development directions of microalgae collection are proposed. Collection cost can be decreased through combining a couple of methods.