粗甘油生物基聚氨酯材料的制备及吸附性能研究

以生物质基粗甘油为主要原料，采用一锅法合成粗甘油基多元醇，进一步发泡制备了聚氨酯泡沫材料。在此基础上，利用甲基三氯硅烷对泡沫材料进行疏水改性，制备出改性聚氨酯吸油材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和热重分析对改性前后泡沫的结构形貌、热稳定性和接触角进行表征，测试了改性聚氨酯吸油材料吸油性能。结果表明：经疏水改性后在泡沫表面合成了聚硅氧烷，水接触角由130°增大至140°，提高了吸油材料疏水性能。改性聚氨酯吸油材料对乙醇、甲醇、氯仿等8种有机物的吸附量范围为16.7～45.2 g/g。经循环使用50次后，吸油材料对柴油和大豆油的吸附量分别为最高吸附量的95.8%和97.6%，表现出优异的吸油性能。

Preparation and adsorption properties of crude glycerol bio-based polyurethane material

Using biomass-based crude glycerol as the main raw material, a one-pot method was used to synthesize crude glycerol-based polyol, and the polyurethane foam material was prepared by further foaming. On the basis, the modified polyurethane oil absorption material was prepared by hydrophobic modification with methyl trichlorosilane. The morphology, thermal stability and the contact angel of the polyurethane foam before and after modification were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The oil absorption properties of the modified polyurethane oil absorption material were also tested. The results showed that polysiloxane was successfully synthesized on the foam surface after the modification of methyl trichlorosilane. The water contact angle increased from 130° to 140°, indicating that the hydrophobicity of the oil absorption material was improved. The adsorption capacity of modified polyurethane oil absorption material for eight kinds of organic substances such as ethanol, methanol and chloroform, etc., ranges from 16.7 g/g to 45.2 g/g. After 50 cycles, the adsorption capacity of the oil absorption material for diesel and soybean oil was 95.8% and 97.6% of the maximum adsorption capacity, respectively, showing excellent oil absorption performance.