石化装置基于风险的HAZOP分析方法

为了更加有效地辨识石化装置生产中的潜在危险,将风险评价与危险与可操作性(HAZOP)分析相结合,建立了基于风险的HAZOP分析方法。文中首先介绍了基于风险的HAZOP分析流程,在偏差的危险工况分析中引入风险评价,并在传统的二因素风险评价基础上,为了更准确地评价现有安全措施是否对事故具有预测和控制能力,定义了第3个因素——不可控制度。然后建立了风险三因素的评价准则,并确定出风险的表征方法,最后提出基于风险的决策方法,即根据偏差的风险评价等级确定针对性的安全管理建议。以某石化公司常减压装置为例进行了基于风险的HAZOP分析。结果表明,基于风险的HAZOP分析方法可以为石化装置安全管理提供定量化的决策依据,从而使有限的资源得到合理地配置。

Risk-based HAZOP analysis method for petrochemical unit

In order to identify potential hazard more effectively in the process of petrochemical unit,risk-based Hazard and Operability(HAZOP) analysis method was developed by combining HAZOP analysis with risk evaluation.Firstly,the process of risk-based HAZOP analysis was presented.Risk evaluation was introduced into the hazard condition analysis of deviation.Based on the conventional risk evaluation method of two factors,the third factor-uncontrollability was defined to evaluate more accurately whether the existing security measures could predict and control the accident.Then,the risk evaluation criteria of three factors were established,and risk characterization method was determined.Lastly,risk-based decision method was proposed,that is,the determination of the pointed safety management recommendation was based on the risk ranking of deviation.The risk-based HAZOP analysis for crude oil unit in some petrochemical corporation was carried out as a case study.The results show that risk-based HAZOP method can provide quantitative decision making basis for the safety management of petrochemical unit,so that the limited resource can be reasonably allocated.