The heterogeneous coagulation and flocculation of brewery wastewater using carbon nanotubes |
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Authors: | Simate Geoffrey S Iyuke Sunny E Ndlovu Sehliselo Heydenrych Mike |
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Affiliation: | a School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, P/Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa b Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa |
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Abstract: | Coagulation and flocculation treatment processes play a central role in the way wastewater effluents are managed. Their primary function is particle removal that can impart colour to a water source, create turbidity, and/or retain bacterial and viral organisms. This study was carried out to investigate whether carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used as heterogeneous coagulants and/or flocculants in the pretreatment of brewery wastewater. A series of experiments were conducted in which the efficiencies of pristine and functionalised CNTs were compared with the efficiency of traditional ferric chloride in a coagulation/flocculation process. Turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), including the zeta potential were used to monitor the progress of the coagulation/flocculation process. Both pristine and functionalised CNTs demonstrated the ability to successfully coagulate colloidal particles in the brewery wastewater. Overall, ferric chloride was found to be a more effective coagulant than both the pristine and functionalised CNTs. |
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Keywords: | Brewery wastewater treatment Carbon nanotubes Heterogeneous coagulation and flocculation Turbidity Chemical oxygen demand Zeta potential |
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