Middleton-in-Teesdale Supply Area: Improvements to the Supply Network

The paper covers the design of improvements to a water distribution system serving a rural area to eliminate low chlorine residuals and to cater for large potential increases in demand from an agricultural estate. A model of the existing system was analysed at current and increased demands to identify weaknesses in the system. The model was altered by the addition of pumping mains, two storage reservoirs at new locations, and the strengthening of distribution mains to provide a solution to meet the client's requirements.
The location and size of the proposed reservoirs were optimized with respect to the construction costs of the reservoirs, pumping and distribution pipelines, and pump running costs.
Areas were zoned to provide better strategic storage, whilst also reducing retention times, thus eliminating the problems of low chlorine residuals.