煤矿监控新技术与新装备

分析了2004—2013年全国煤炭产量、事故总量、百万吨死亡率和重特大事故变化情况:煤炭产量平均每年增长1.94亿t,事故起数平均每年减少337起,死亡人数平均每年减少551人,百万吨死亡率平均每年减少0.310。提出了低瓦斯和高瓦斯矿井宜选用热催化矿用甲烷传感器;煤(岩)与瓦斯突出矿井宜选用矿用激光甲烷传感器;回采工作面上隅角、掘进工作面、高冒地点、采掘设备、运输设备等宜采用矿用无线传感器,并通过无线输电解决矿用无线传感器供电问题;救护队超前有害气体探测、采空区气体探测、高冒顶板等人员不便到达的地点气体探测宜采用矿用气体遥测传感器;传感器自动调零适用于便携式气体检测仪和无线传感器。提出矿用分布式光纤测温系统监测采空区火灾的轴向布置和蛇形布置方法;煤矿井下胶带、电缆和电气设备火灾监测宜采用矿用分布式光纤测温系统。提出自动化采煤宜采用基于采煤模型的记忆割煤、远程控制方法;带式输送机节能控制宜选用激光胶带秤;矿井供电系统宜采用矿用光纤纵差保护和光纤闭锁综合防越级跳闸系统。

New technologies and new equipments of coal mine monitoring

The paper analyzed the national coal production,the total number of accidents,the death rate per million tons and the changes of serious accidents.On average per year,the coal production had increased by 194 million tons,the number of accidents had decreased by 337,the death number of personnel had decreased by 551 and the death rate per million tons had decreased by 0.310.It proposed that mine-used thermal catalytic methane sensor should be used in low gas mine and high gas mine,mine-used laser methane sensor should be used in coal(rock)and gas outburst mine;mine-used wireless sensor should be used in the upper corner of working face,on heading face,in high risk location and on mining equipment and transportation equipment,and the mine-used wireless sensor should use wireless powertransmission to supply power;mine-used gas telemetering sensor should be used for gas detection in inconvenient place for people to reach such as area of harmful gas advanced detection by the rescue team,the area of goaf and high risk roof;the automatic zero set of sensor should be used in portable gas detector and wireless sensor.It also put forward axial layout method and serpentine layout method for monitoring fire accident in goaf of mine-used distributed fiber temperature measurement system;the mine-used distributed fiber temperature measurement system should be used to monitor fire accident of underground coal mine belt,cable and electrical equipment.Meanwhile,it proposed that automatic coal mining should use memory coal cut mode based on coal mining model and remote control method,energy saving control of belt conveyor should use laser belt scale and mine power supply system should use fiber longitudinal differential protection and fiber interlock and comprehensive anti override trip system.