Determination of the adhesion force between particles and a flat surface, using the centrifuge technique

By using a centrifuge technique, the influence of powdery material particle size on the adhesion force particle-surface was determined. In order to achieve this, the adhesion of phosphatic rock (ρ_p = 3.090 kg m^− 3) and of manioc starch particles (ρ_p = 1.480 kg m^− 3) on a steel surface were studied. A microcentrifuge that reached a maximum speed rotation of 14000 rpm and which contained specially designed centrifuge tubes was used. There tubes contained the flat surface where the test particles were deposited. The powder particles were dispersed on these disks and the particles detachment were performed using diverse centrifugal speeds. The graphics of particle percentages still adhering on the surface of the disks as a function of the applied detachment force showed that the profile of adhesion force followed a log-normal distribution. The adhesion force increased with particle size. The manioc starch particles presented adhesion forces greater than those for the phosphatic rock particles for all particle sizes studied. The results obtained were compared with the theory proposed by Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov whose theoretical adhesion presented values close to the experimental data for the phosphatic rock particles adhesion on the stainless steel surface. On the contrary, the theoretical values were lower than the experimental ones for the manioc starch particles maybe due to the small roughness of these particles, their physical properties (softer and deformable material) and/or specific chemical interactions since the organic composition of the manioc starch particles that can dominate the adhesion force. Finally, the separation distance among the surfaces in contact (Z₀) was estimated in approximately 1.0 × 10^− 9 m for the phosphatic rock and 5.0 × 10^− 10 m for the manioc starch. These results were weakly dependent on the particle size range.