水源受污染程度与微生物安全性调查研究

利用基因扩增-梯度变性凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）分子生物学方法对污染程度较轻的XL水库、污染程度中等的LZ湖和污染严重的XZ河等三类水源的微生物群落结构以及微生物安全性进行了调查研究.结果表明,PCR-DGGE方法能够检测出水中的微生物群落,便于准确评价水源的微生物安全性.16S rDNA鉴定表明,水源污染越严重,微生物群落结构越复杂、微生物含量越高、致病菌越多、微生物安全性越低.污染最严重的XZ河存在拟杆菌、假单胞菌、气单胞菌、苍白杆菌和黄色单胞菌等致病菌,LZ湖存在苍白杆菌和黄色单胞菌,XL水库存在可能产生藻毒素的微囊藻.保护水源及防治污染对于提高水源的微生物安全性具有关键作用.

Investigation on Microbial Safety in Water Sources under Different Pollutions

The microbial community structure and microbial safety in three water sources including lightly polluted XL reservoir, moderately polluted LZ lake and seriously polluted XZ river, were investigated with PCR/DGGE molecular biology method. The results show that the bacterial diversity in water sources can be detected, which is helpful in evaluating the microbial safety of water sources. 16S rDNA identification shows that seriously polluted water source has more diversified microbial structures and more pathogenic bacteria, thus the microbial safety becomes lower. Pathogenic bacteria were found, such as Bacteriodetes, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Ochrobactrum and Thermomonas in seriously polluted XZ river, Ochrobactrum and Thermomonas in LZ lake and Microcystis in XL reservoir. The protection of water sources to avoid pollution is of direct influence on microbial safety.