淡水珍珠的生物矿化机理研究进展

碳酸钙广泛存在于生物矿物中, 是地球上最普遍的生物矿物之一。贝壳和珍珠的主要组成部分为碳酸钙无机相。我国淡水养殖珍珠多数品质优异, 具有良好的珍珠光泽。该种珍珠以文石晶型碳酸钙为无机相, 称为文石珍珠。近年来, 在我国淡水养殖珍珠中发现了球文石的存在, 球文石的出现是导致珍珠失去光泽、降低质量的主要原因。本文对比阐述了淡水文石珍珠和球文石珍珠的微观结构与性能, 总结了与珍珠层有关的体外模拟碳酸钙生物矿化的实验结果, 提出了珍珠层生物矿化机理未来的研究方向。

Research Progress on Biomineralization Mechanism of Freshwater Pearl

Calcium carbonate exists widely in many kinds of biominerals, and is one of the most widespread biominerals on the earth. The main component of the shell and pearl is calcium carbonate. In China, the majority of the freshwater pearls originated from Hyriopsis cumingii (Zhuji, Zhejiang Province) is with excellent quality and has outstanding pearly luster. The inorganic phase of this luster pearl is aragonite crystal and is regarded as aragonite pearl. Recently, the vaterite is observed in the freshwater cultured pearls, which is responsible for the lack luster and poor quality of the pearls. In the present paper, microstructure and property of the freshwater aragonite and vaterite pearl are introduced. In addition, in vitro growth of calcium carbonate crystal related to the pearl is reviewed. At last, the future research of nacre biomineralization is expected.