高含硫天然气净化技术现状及研究方向

高含H₂S和CO₂的“双高”天然气净化技术面临天然气气质和尾气排放标准的双重挑战，脱除有机硫，减缓溶剂变质。进一步提高硫磺回收装置总硫回收率是“双高”天然气净化技术面临的主要问题。在回顾国内外高含硫天然气脱硫脱碳和硫磺回收技术现状的基础上，分析了现有高含硫天然气净化技术存在的问题，即硫、碳含量“双高”天然气净化脱硫溶剂循环量大、装置能耗高、脱硫溶液易变质、新标准下硫磺回收尾气排放难以达标和硫磺回收装置效率难以提升等，进而提出了物理溶剂脱硫脱碳技术、天然气脱硫脱碳溶剂变质与复活技术、高效H₂S直接氧化工艺技术和天然气中COS水解技术等新的研发方向，以期形成适用于“双高”天然气净化的系列配套技术，助推我国高含硫天然气的高效开发。

A state of the art of high-sulfur natural gas sweetening technology and its research direction

The natural gas sweetening process for a high content of H₂S and CO₂ will have to meet both needs of natural gas quality and tail gas emission standards. Thus, the involved major issues in such a process include desulfurization, slowing down the degeneration of desulfurization solvents, and further improving the total sulfur recovery rate of the unit. In view of this, based on an overview of the state of the art of desulfurization, decarbonization and sulfur recovery for high sulfur natural gas at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the existing problems of the current high sulfur gas sweetening technologies, i.e. a large recycling volume of desulfurization solvent, a high energy consumption of the unit, the perishable of desulfurization solute, great challenge of meeting the requirement of tail gas emission and enhancing the efficiency of sulfur recovery unit, etc. On this basis, new research directions are pointed out: desulfurization and decarbonization of physical solvents, the revivification of the perishable desulfurization and decarbonization solvents, high efficiency H₂S direct oxidization, and carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis in natural gas, which will be hopefully helpful for producers to achieve the highly efficient development of high sulfur natural gas.