诱变对新菌株Leptospirillum ferriphilum YXW及浸出金矿的影响

通过稀释分离方法从江西德兴铜矿矿山废水中富集而来的混合菌中分离得到菌株 Leptospirillum ferriphilum YXW，再利用超声波、紫外线和微波对其进行诱变，筛选出更高效的细菌用于金矿的浸出。生理生化特性实验显示，菌株YXW为极端化能自养型细菌，最佳的生长条件为温度40°C，pH=1.5。诱变后，细菌浓度分别可达到9×109(超声波)、8.4×109(紫外线)和4.3×108 mL?1(微波)，与原始菌相比，分别提高了291%、265%和87%。微波和紫外诱变后，细菌总蛋白活性升高，而超声诱变后，细菌总蛋白活性降低。诱变对细菌浸出金矿的影响由大到小的排列顺序是微波、紫外线、超声波。在金矿浸出过程中，微波诱变后的细菌具有最好的浸出效果。浸出10 d后，As和Fe的浸出率分别高出原始菌19.6%和17.7%。结果表明，诱变对细菌浸出金矿效果的提高，可能不在于细菌浓度的增大，而是取决于细菌总蛋白活性的提高。

Effects of mutation on a new strain Leptospirillumferriphilum YXW and bioleaching of gold ore

Leptospirillum ferriphilum YXW was isolated through serial dilution from mixed microorganisms enriched in AMD from Dexing copper mine in Jiangxi Province, China. It was mutated by ultrasonic, UV and microwave to collect more efficient strain for bioleaching of gold ore. Physiological and biochemical characteristics indicate that strain YXW is a strict chemoautotrophic microorganism, and the optimal condition for its growth is temperature of 40 °C and pH 1.5. After mutation by ultrasonic, UV and microwave, the density of bacterial cells reached 9×109, 8.4×109 and 4.3×108 mL-1, increased by 291%, 265%and 87%, respectively, compared with the original culture. The bacterial total protein activity was improved by microwave and UV mutations, but was reduced by ultrasonic. Mutations had effects on bioleaching of gold ore in sequence of microwave〉UV〉ultrasonic. During gold ore bioleaching, the bacterial mutant after mutation by microwave had the best effect on the extraction rates of arsenic and iron, which were 19.6%and 17.7%higher than that of the original strain after bioleaching for 10 d, respectively. The results suggested that the effects of mutation on bioleaching of gold ore may not be mainly due to increase of bacterial cells density, but may be mainly attributed to the improvement of bacterial total protein activity.