Endometriosis Susceptibility to Dapsone-Hydroxylamine-Induced Alterations Can Be Prevented by Licorice Intake: In Vivo and In Vitro Study |
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Authors: | Chiara Sabbadin Alessandra Andrisani Gabriella Don Elena Tibaldi Anna Maria Brunati Stefano DallAcqua Eugenio Ragazzi Guido Ambrosini Decio Armanini Luciana Bordin |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Medicine—Endocrinology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;2.Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (A.A.); (G.A.);3.Department of Molecular Medicine-Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.D.); (E.T.); (A.M.B.);4.Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.D.); (E.R.) |
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Abstract: | Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic gynecological disease, is characterized by a systemic inflammation that affects circulating red blood cells (RBC), by reducing anti-oxidant defenses. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of licorice intake to protect RBCs from dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NHOH), a harmful metabolite of dapsone, commonly used in the treatment of many diseases. A control group (CG, n = 12) and a patient group (PG, n = 18) were treated with licorice extract (25 mg/day), for a week. Blood samples before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were analyzed for: i) band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and high molecular weight aggregates; and ii) glutathionylation and carbonic anhydrase activity, in the presence or absence of adjunctive oxidative stress induced by DDS-NHOH. Results were correlated with plasma glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) concentrations, measured by HPLC–MS. Results showed that licorice intake decreased the level of DDS-NHOH-related oxidative alterations in RBCs, and the reduction was directly correlated with plasma GA concentration. In conclusion, in PG, the inability to counteract oxidative stress is a serious concern in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches. GA, by protecting RBC from oxidative assault, as in dapsone therapy, might be considered as a new potential tool for preventing further switching into severe endometriosis. |
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Keywords: | endometriosis dapsone DDS-NHOH red blood cell glycyrrhetinic acid |
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