Cyanobacteria,Cyanotoxins, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dangerous Liaisons |
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| Authors: | Paola Sini,Thi Bang Chau Dang,Milena Fais,Manuela Galioto,Bachisio Mario Padedda,Antonella Lugliè ,Ciro Iaccarino,Claudia Crosio |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.S.); (T.B.C.D.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (C.I.);2.Department of Biochemistry, Hue University, Hue City 7474, Vietnam;3.Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (B.M.P.); (A.L.) |
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| Abstract: | The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease (ND) is increasing, partly owing to extensions in lifespan, with a larger percentage of members living to an older age, but the ND aetiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, and effective treatments are still lacking. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are generally thought to progress as a consequence of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. Up to now, several environmental triggers have been associated with NDs, and recent studies suggest that some cyanotoxins, produced by cyanobacteria and acting through a variety of molecular mechanisms, are highly neurotoxic, although their roles in neuropathy and particularly in NDs are still controversial. In this review, we summarize the most relevant and recent evidence that points at cyanotoxins as environmental triggers in NDs development. |
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| Keywords: | cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, neurodegenerative diseases, ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, PD, Parkinson’ s Disease, AD, Alzheimer Disease, L-BMAA |
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