碾压式沥青混凝土心墙工程特性研究现状与对策

沥青混凝土由于良好的防渗性能与变形适应性,在土石坝中得到了越来越广泛的应用,其工程特性有别于常规混凝土与一般岩土体,包括温度敏感性、耐久性、抗震特性、抗水力劈裂特性等。为突破沥青混凝土心墙坝150m坝高的技术瓶颈,解决深厚覆盖层、高寒、强震等条件下直接修建高沥青混凝土心墙坝的筑坝技术难题,消除热沥青施工引起的环境污染问题,长江科学院自20世纪90年代开始,对三峡茅坪溪防护坝、黄金坪水电站、拉洛水利枢纽工程及Karot水电站等沥青混凝土心墙进行了系统研究,研制了静力、动力、蠕变三轴温控装置,并很好地应用到科研,在碾压式沥青混凝土心墙工程特性方面取得了大量成果。在总结水工沥青混凝土国内外的研究现状的基础上,重点讨论了碾压式沥青混凝土心墙的5个关键问题,以及长江科学院在沥青混凝土方面的研究进展与成果,可为类似复杂条件下沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝的设计、施工及运行管理提供依据。

Research Status and Countermeasures of Engineering Properties of Rolled Asphalt Concrete Core Wall

The asphalt concrete core has very good property in seepage prevention and deformation adaptability, and so is more and more widely used in earth-rock dam. Its engineering properties including temperature sensitivity, durability, anti-seismic characteristics, anti-hydraulic fracturing are distinguished from conventional concrete and general rock and soil mass. In order to break through the technical bottleneck of 150m dam height of asphalt concrete core wall dam, to solve technical problems of directly constructing high asphalt concrete core wall dam in conditions of deep overburden layer, cold region and major earthquake and to eliminate environmental pollution caused by heated asphalt construction, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute has carried out researches on asphalt concrete core wall dam since the 1990s, including Three Gorges Maopingxi protective dam, Huangjinping hydropower station, Laluo hydro project and Karot hydropower station. Static, dynamic and creep triaxial temperature controlling equipment are developed and applied to researches. A great deal of achievements are acquired on the engineering properties of rolled asphalt concrete core wall. The research status of hydraulic asphalt concrete in China and abroad is summarized. On this basis, five critical issues of rolled asphalt concrete core wall are discussed, and the research progress and achievements on asphalt concrete by Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute are introduced. This paper could be a scientific basis for the design, construction and operation management of rock-fill dam with asphalt concrete core under similar complex conditions.