草海湿地区域土地利用景观格局时空变化特征研究

采用3S技术和景观生态学分析方法,对草海湿地区域近20 a的景观格局动态变化进行分析,结果表明:(1) 20 a间,草海湿地区域林地、草地景观类型面积呈下降趋势,水域、建设用地景观类型面积大幅增加,耕地景观类型面积总体有所增加;(2)从景观类型转换来看,研究区景观类型转换以草地、耕地景观类型的转入转出变化最大,草地退化较为严重;(3)从景观类型斑块密度和平均斑块面积变化情况来看,研究区各类景观类型的破碎化程度越来越严重;(4)从景观斑块形状和景观多样性变化情况分析,研究区林地、草地、建设用地景观斑块形状趋于规则,景观优势度明显,在整个研究区中占绝对的优势地位。总体来看,草海自然保护区建立之后,由于人为因素的干预,对湿地区域保护力度较大,一系列湿地保护、修复和恢复工程的实施,使得草海湖区面积持续增加,湿地得以较好的保护和恢复。

Study on spatial-temporal change of land use pattern in Caohai Lake wetland area

In this study, 3S technologies and landscape ecology analysis method were applied to analyze landscape pattern change of Caohai Lake wetland area in recent 20 years. The results showed that: (1) During the past 20 years, the areas of forest and grassland showed a decreased tendency, the areas of water and building have substantially increased and the cultivated area increased in some extent. (2) In terms of the landscape types conversion, the inward and outward shift of grassland and cultivated area were the greatest in the study area, grassland degraded severely. (3) In terms of the variation of patch density and average patch area of landscapes, the fragmentation degree of various landscapes became more and more serious. (4) In terms of the variation of the landscape patch shape and the diversity, the patch shape of forest, grassland and building in the study area tended to be more regular and the landscape dominance was distinct, in a dominant position in the study area. In general, since Caohai Lake wetland protection area was established, due to the increasing protection intensity and the implementation of a series of protection and restoration projects, the wetland area of Caohai Lake has increased successively.