长江上游水库群联合蓄水调度初步研究与思考

蓄水期是长江中下游地区用水需求最集中的时期,蓄水调度是实现水库综合利用任务最重要的环节。根据水库汛期承担的防洪任务,将长江上游蓄水水库分为仅承担所在支流防洪、自身无防洪任务但承担长江中下游防洪以及承担所在支流和长江中下游双重防洪任务的3种类型。重点分析了承担本河流和配合三峡水库承担长江中下游双重防洪任务的部分控制性水库防洪与蓄水的关系,并探讨了水库提前蓄水的可行性;结合来水的不确定性,分析了在特枯水年、偏枯水年和偏丰水年等不同典型年下三峡水库蓄水调度方式及应对措施。另外就水库群联合蓄水调度研究面临的挑战,提出了亟待开展的工作建议。

Consideration and preliminary study on joint water storage and dispatching of reservoir group in upper reaches of Yangtze River

The water storage period of the upstream reservoirs on Yangtze River is a period when the middle and lower reaches require the most concentrated water supply, and the water storage dispatching is the most important link to realize comprehensive utilization of reservoirs. In order to coordinate flood control, ecology, water supply, power generation and other water demands, this paper divides the water storage reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River into three types according to their flood control responsibilities in flood season, i.e., the reservoir only undertaking flood control tasks of tributary where it located, the reservoir without flood control task for the tributary where it located but undertaking flood control tasks for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the reservoir undertaking the dual flood control tasks of the located tributary and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The relationship between flood control and water storage of some controlling reservoirs that undertake the dual flood control tasks is analyzed and the feasibility of water storage in advance is discussed. According to the incoming water situation in recent years, this paper analyzes the countermeasures of water storage and dispatching of the Three Gorges Reservoir under different typical conditions of special dry year, a little dry year and little wet year. In addition, some urgent task suggestions in term of the challenges in the study on the joint water storage and dispatching of reservoir groups are put forward.