塔里木河流域被挤占的干流绿洲生态水权研究

未开展干流绿洲生态水权被挤占量的计量,制约了塔里木河流域干流绿洲生态水权分配与其绿洲生态环境恢复。明确被挤占的绿洲生态水权及其计量是落实塔河流域挤占干流绿洲水权主体权责、客体分配及其经济补偿的基础。为此,首先明确了挤占干流绿洲生态水权的计量原理和类型;然后进一步确定了挤占干流绿洲生态水权的计量方法和模型;在此基础上计算了挤占干流绿洲生态水权。结果表明:在塔河流域,上游源流都挤占了塔河干流绿洲的生态水权,干流绿洲的生态水权基本都被挤占;而且,挤占干流适宜绿洲生态水权高于挤占干流最低绿洲生态水权,挤占干流绿洲维持恢复生态水权高于挤占干流绿洲维持生态水权;挤占期主要在3~5月和6~9月。分析成果可为确定塔河流域挤占干流绿洲生态水权归还和经济补偿提供依据。

Research on oases ecological water rights occupied by other sectors in Tarim River Basin

The absence of the measurement of occupied oases ecological water rights of the Tarim River mainstream limits the right allocation and the restoration of oases ecological environment. Determining the occupied oases ecological water rights and their measurement method are the base for implementing the subject's rights and responsibilities and object's allocation of the water rights and its economical compensation. So, this paper theoretically defines the calculation principle of the occupied oases ecological water rights and its types; then determines the measurement method and model; furtherly calculates the occupied oases ecological water rights of the mainstream. The results show that: all the source rivers of the Tarim River occupy the oases ecological water rights of the mainstream, basically all rights of the mainstream are occupied. The occupation of suitable oases ecological water rights of the mainstream is higher than the minimum oases ecological water rights, the occupation of oases ecological water rights of maintenance- restoration in the mainstream is higher than the oases ecological water rights of maintenance; the yearly allocation of oases ecological water rights of the mainstream occupied is mainly from March to May and from June to September. All the results can be the basis to returning back the ecological water rights of the mainstream and to give its economical compensation in Tarim River basin.