制麦和酿造过程中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的初步研究

2008年江苏某农场的赤霉病感染相对严重的KA-4B大麦中，脱氧雪腐镰刀茵烯醇（DON）的含量为1．91mg/kg。以此大麦为原料，实验室规模下进行制麦和酿造实验，结果表明，浸麦可以洗去大麦本身含有的绝大部分DON；而大麦内部没有被洗掉的镰孢霉属真菌孢子在发芽阶段重新萌发、生长代谢，形成并积累大量的DON；焙燥阶段不能破坏DON，成品麦芽和麦根中DON的含量分别是原大麦中DON含量的51％和89％。麦芽中的DON可以经过糖化和发酵过程流入到啤酒中，啤酒中DON的总含量是麦芽粉中DON总量的86％。而同一年份相邻农场的基本未感染赤霉病的KA-4B大麦中，DON含量低于0．1mg/kg，绿麦芽和麦根中均检测到低于0．1mg／kg的DON，而成品麦芽、麦汁和啤酒中均未检测到DON。制麦及酿造实验表明，与基本未感染赤霉病的KA-4B大麦相比，赤霉病感染程度严重的KA-4B大麦微生物污染严重，DON含量相对高，大麦品质较差，发芽率较低，麦芽浸出率低，所制得麦汁的过滤速度快，麦汁和啤酒的色度均较高。

Study of Deoxynivalenol in the Process of Malting and Brewing

A KA-4B barley sample produced in a farm of Jiangsu Provence during 2008 were infected with Fusarium Head Blight relatively seriously. The deoxynivalenol （DON） level of the barley sample was 1.91 mg/kg. The barley was used as raw material to produce malt and beer at the laboratory scale. Nearly all of DON in the barley could be washed away after steeping, but the Fusarium spores existing in the inner of the barley couldn＇ t be washed away and germinated. The mycelia growth and production of DON occurred during germination and early kilning stages. The decrease of a little bit amount of DON was observed during last three hours at 85℃. The DON levels in the malt and in the rootlet represented 51% and 89% of that present in the original barley. After brewing, 86% of the DON present in the malt was detected in the beer. However, the KA-4B barley sample produced in another farm nearby in the same year almost uninfected with Fusarium Head Blight was used as the control. The DON level of this barley sample was bellow 0.1 mg/kg. Less than 0.1 mg/kg amount of DON were detected both in the green malt and in the rootlet, and no DON was detected in the kilned malt, wort and beer. The germination rate of the barley sample with relatively high levels of DON was lower, the quality of the barley was poorer, and its microbial contamination was heavier. The leaching rate of the malt produced with the high-DON level barley was lower, the color of the wort and the beer was heavier, but the filtration rate was faster.