生物活性炭法处理钢铁企业排水的微生物分析

为实现水资源的循环利用,采用生物活性炭(BAC)工艺对某钢铁企业的排水进行深度处理。在获得良好除污效果的基础上对BAC上的生物量及铁细菌进行了研究,以期为优化设计提供依据。结果表明,在显微镜下可清楚地观察到生物活性炭上成熟的生物膜,沿水流方向随着深度的增加,生物量由上层105cfu/g的数量级减少至下层103cfu/g的数量级;在一个反冲洗周期内,上层生物量每2d增加一个数量级;反冲洗后的生物量仍可保持在103cfu/g的数量级,保证了BAC滤柱在下阶段的稳定运行。对铁细菌的分离、纯化和鉴定表明,在近一年的运行中,已培养出高效除铁菌,上、下层的铁细菌数量分别为7.60×103和3.73×102cfu/g,比细菌总数平均低两个数量级,根据形貌特征和生长环境判别其为嘉氏铁柄杆菌。

Analysis of Microorganisms in Treatment of Iron and Steel Industry Wastewater by Biological Activated Carbon Process

To achieve recycling of water resources, biological activated carbon (BAC) process was used for advanced treatment of wastewater from an iron and steel enterprise. Based on good pollutant re-moval efficiency, the biomass and iron bacteria on BAC were investigated to optimize the design. The ma-ture biofilm on BAC can be distinctly observed by microscope. Along with increase of depth of filter, the biomass is reduced from 10~5 cfu/g at the top of filter to 10~3 cfu/g at the bottom. The biomass at the top is increased by one order of magnitude every two days during the backwash period. The biomass can remain at the order of magnitude of 10~3 cfu/g after backwash, ensuring the stable operation of BAC filter column in the next period. The separation, purification and identification of iron bacteria indicate that high-effi-ciency iron bacteria are cultured after a year of BAC operation. The numbers of iron bacteria at the top and bottom are 7.60 × 10~3 cfu/g and 3.73 × 10~2 cfu/g, two orders of magnitude lower than the total bac-teria count. According to the characteristics and growth environment, the bacteria are identified as Gallio-nella ferruginea.