基于传统因素决定的产业集群分析——以新疆油气产业集群为例

油气资源是上游油气产业链的基础，是下游产业链的保障。油气企业定位在油气区域附近是为了获得交通成本的优势，现有的分工状况由生产力水平和市场消费水平决定，油气企业之间、企业与政府间的相互熟识降低了交易的不确定性风险。由此可见，传统因素对油气产业集群的形成和发展具有决定性的影响。同时，传统因素在油气产业集群发展中存在不足，如自然资源优势中存在诸多的不确定因素、交通成本受市场函数影响、分工专业化中的外部分工不尽合理、交易费用理论的局限性等。因此，需要采取扩大现有油气资源的储量和产量；坚持科学发展观，实现中国东、西部协调发展和新疆油气产业上下游均衡发展；建立油气行业协会等综合措施以促进新疆油气产业集群的协调发展。

A CASE STUDY OF OIL-GAS CLUSTER IN XINJIANG:INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER BASED ON TRADITIONAL FACTORS

Oil-gas resources are a base of upstream oil gas industrial link and a guarantee of downstream industrial link as well. Oil-gas enterprises are normally listed near oil-gas fields just for a low transportation cost. The existing division is up to productivity and market. The acquaintance between oil-gas enterprises and governments can largely decrease the risk of incertitude. Hence, the traditional factors play a determinative role to the formation and development of oil-gas industrial cluster; however, they have shortages at the same time, such as the uncertainty of natural resources, transportation cost influenced by market, irrational external division, and transaction fee. It is necessary to enlarge the oil-gas reserve and production. This paper, based on the Scientific Development View, presents a balanced development in the up to down-stream of oil-gas industry in eastern China, western China and Xinjiang, and suggests establishing oil-gas associations to boost a harmonious oil-gas industrial cluster development in Xinjiang.