进口含铁物料固体废物综合表征及来源分析

利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、矿相显微镜和激光粒度分析等方法,表征了3个进口含铁物料的主要成分及其质量分数、物相组成和粒度分布,结合颜色、粒度等外观特征,以及不同粒度物料所占比例,通过与文献资料或相关产品质量标准相比较的方法,确认出进口含铁物料的可能产生来源,明确该物料是有意识生产的并且其质量满足国家或国际承认标准的产品,还是生产过程中的副产物即废弃物质或残余物,或者是污染控制设施产生的残余物,根据《固体废物鉴别导则》(试行)中的判断原则,得出物料的固体废物综合表征结论。在此所表征的3个含铁物料分别是球团矿、硫酸渣和电炉炼钢高铁烟尘,其中后两者均属于我国禁止进口的固体废物。实验研究为进口含铁物料的固体废物综合表征和监管提供参考,对将含铁固体废物堵在国门之外具有重要意义。

Comprehensive characterization and source analysis for solid waste of imported iron-containing materials

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), metallographic microscope and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize three imported iron-containing solid materials, including the main components and its mass fraction, phase composition and particle size distribution, the appearance features such as color and particle size, the proportion of materials with different particle sizes, etc. The possible source of imported iron-containing materials was analyzed by comparison with literatures or the quality standards of related products. It could be identified that the materials were products that were consciously produced and the quality satisfied the national or international standards, or by-products (waste products or residues), or residues produced by pollution control facilities. According to the judgment principles of Identification Guidance of Solid Wastes (tentative), the comprehensive characterization conclusions of solid wastes could be obtained. The three above iron-containing materials were iron ore pellet, pyrite cinder and high iron dust of electric steelmaking, respectively. The latter two materials were solid wastes that were prohibited to be imported in China. The study provided reference for the comprehensive characterization and supervision of imported iron-containing solid wastes. It had important significance to block the iron-containing solid wastes outside the gateway of our country.