无机物料固体废物属性鉴别通用方法

除了废弃特征明显的废物适合现场鉴别之外,其他绝大多数无机物料都需要利用多种分析仪器对其理化特性和特征指标进行分析,以分析结果为基础进行固体废物属性鉴别。结合已经开展的无机物料固体废物属性鉴别实例,阐述了无机物料固体废物属性鉴别过程中常用的X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、激光粒度、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、X射线能谱、化学滴定等7种分析手段。利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、X射线能谱+扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜等4种常用分析手段对一种进口无机物料进行了分析,结果显示,物料的主要元素组分为钴、氧、硫、镁、锰、硅,主要物相为氧化钴、硫酸钴、Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄、Co₃(OH)₄Si₂O₅,推断出该物料是氧化钴生产过程中所产生的混杂了未经历萃取分离、沉淀、煅烧等工序的物质,根据GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准 通则》中相关条款判断该物料属于固体废物。通过建立的无机物料固体废物属性鉴别的通用方法和流程,可为进口无机物料的固体废物属性鉴别和监管提供参考,对有效遏制各种无机固体废物涌入我国,保护我国生态环境安全和人体健康具有重要意义。

A general method for solid waste identification of inorganic materials

The wastes with obvious discard characteristics were suitable for on-site identification. Most other inorganic materials were needed to use a variety of analytical instruments to analyze their physical and chemical properties and characteristics. According to the analysis results, solid waste attributes were identified. Based on the examples of identification of solid wastes of inorganic materials, seven commonly used analytical methods in identification of solid wastes of inorganic materials were expounded. They were X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser particle size, scanning electron microscopy, polarizing microscope, X-ray energy spectrum and titrimetric analysis. A kind of imported inorganic material was detected by X-ray fluorescence spectrum, X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy spectrum and scanning electron microscopy, polarizing microscope. The results showed that the main elements of the material were cobalt, oxygen, sulphur, magnesium, manganese and silicon. The main phases were cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfate, Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄ and Co₃(OH)₄Si₂O₅. It was inferred that the material was a mixture of cobalt oxide produced in the production process, which had not undergone extraction, separation, precipitation and calcination processes. According to the relevant identification terms in GB 34330-2017 the identification standards for solid wastes General rules, the conclusion that the material belonged to solid waste was obtained. The general identification method and process of solid waste for imported inorganic materials were established. It would provide reference for solid waste identification and supervision of imported inorganic materials, which had great significance for effectively curbing the influx of inorganic solid wastes into China and protecting the ecological environment and human health.