激光旁轴送气结构设计与分析

目的 通过了解激光增材技术，设计一种送丝送气一体化机构，并建立相应模型。方法 通过对不同送丝送气机构进行对比分析，设计出3种方案，并通过流体模型分析保护气体氩气的流动情况，最终得出最合理的安装位置。第1种方案是采用送丝机构与送气机构对冲的两轴送丝送气设计方案；第2种方案是采用送丝机构与送气机构同路的设计方案；第3种方案是选择两路送气机构与送丝机成夹角对冲的设计方案。结果 在第1种方案中，送丝机构与送气机构的对冲会导致气流紊乱，产生气体流动扩散现象，可以明显看到有一个保护气体比较密集的区域。在第2种方案中，当送丝机构与送气机构同路时，在工作过程中有可能出现防氧化效果不够好的情况。在第3种方案中，两路送气机构与送丝机成夹角对冲可以有效控制氩气的流动，提高氩气的利用率，在这里进行丝材的激光熔覆将会起到最大的防氧化保护作用。结论 通过对不同送丝送气机构进行对比分析，最终确定三路送气方案的保护效果最佳。

Design and Analysis of Laser Paraxial Air Supply Structure

The work aims to understand the laser additive manufacturing technology, design an integrated wire feeding and air supply mechanism and establish a model for it. Through comparative analysis of different wire feeding and air supply mechanisms, three design schemes were developed. By utilizing fluid models, the flow of protective gas, argon, was analyzed to determine the most suitable installation position. The first scheme involved a dual-axis design where the wire feeding mechanism and air supply mechanism were opposing each other. The second scheme utilized a single path for both the wire feeding mechanism and air supply mechanism. The third scheme involved an angle-offset design where two gas delivery pathways were opposing the wire feeding machine at an angle. In the first scheme, the opposing flow of the wire feeding mechanism and air supply mechanism caused turbulence in the gas flow, resulting in a diffusion phenomenon where there was a concentrated area of protective gas. In the second scheme, there was a possibility of insufficient oxidation protection during the operation when the wire feeding mechanism and air supply mechanism were in the same path. In the third scheme, the opposing flow of the two air supply pathways with respect to the wire feeding machine effectively controlled the flow of argon, improving the utilization efficiency of argon. Laser cladding of wire materials in this configuration would provide the maximum oxidation protection. Through the comparative analysis of different wire feeding and air supply mechanisms, it is finally determined that the protection effect of the three-way air supply scheme is the most suitable.