阻燃ABS燃烧性能及对火灾中人员所需安全疏散时间的影响

采用工业化产品用量最大的十溴二苯醚（DBDPO）和更新替代产品十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）制备了阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS），利用锥形量热仪研究了阻燃ABS的燃烧性能，在此基础上利用场模型软件（FDS）进行了火灾模拟研究。结果表明，与ABS/ Sb2O3相比，ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3的平均热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、有效燃烧热、总热释放分别下降了42.29 %、48.87 %、24.11 %、63.24 %， ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3分别下降了41.49 %、44.99 %、21.37 %、62.31 %，但二者的烟毒参数、平均比消光面积、释烟量、平均CO生成量明显上升。FDS模拟结果显示ABS/ Sb2O3的可用安全疏散时间为67.7 s，小于计算所需安全疏散时间139.5 s，对人员疏散造成威胁，ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3和ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3的可用安全疏散时间均大于150 s，对于人员疏散是安全的。

Study on Combustion Performance and Available Safe Evacuation Time in Fire for Flame Retarded ABS

ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 and ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 composites have been prepared, and their flame retarding performance was studied using cone calorimeter and simulated with field simulation software (FDS). Compared with ABS/Sb2O3, the average value of heat release rate, peak heat release rate, effect heat combustion, and total heat release of ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 system decreased by 42.29 %, 48.87 %, 24.11 %, and 63.24 %, those of ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 system decreased by 41.49 %, 44.99 %, 21.37 %, and 62.31 %. The specific extinction area, total smoke release, and average CO production of ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 and ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 were higher. The FDS results indicated that the available evacuation time of ABS/Sb2O3 was 67.7 s, while that of ABS/DBDPO/Sb2O3 and ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3 were larger than 150 s, higher than the required evacuation time 139.5 s.