基于改进三维后向投影的多圈圆迹SAR相干三维成像方法

圆迹SAR(CSAR)因其特殊曲线运动轨迹而具备3维成像能力。单圈CSAR理论上可以获得距离方位平面亚波长级的分辨率，但是高程向分辨率却很低。同时，利用后向投影(BP)算法进行CSAR 3维成像的算法复杂度高，成像效率低。该文提出一种基于改进3维后向投影的多圈CSAR相干3维成像方法，针对现有成像算法时间复杂度高的问题，提出一种构造几何插值核的CSAR改进3维后向投影算法，可将3维插值操作转化为1维插值操作和距离向量搜索操作，通过多圈CSAR改进3维后向投影成像结果相干积累的方式得到最终3维图像。该文所提方法可有效解决单圈CSAR 3维成像高程向分辨率低的问题，改善3维成像细节，同时能够大幅降低CSAR 3维成像时间。仿真圆锥目标和美国空军实验室GOTCHA数据3维成像结果验证了该文所提方法的有效性。

A Coherent 3-D Imaging Method for Multi-circular SAR Based on an Improved 3-D Back Projection Algorithm

Circular SAR (CSAR) has the ability of 3-D imaging due to its special curve trajectory. Single-pass CSAR can theoretically obtain the resolution of the sub-wavelength level on the distance-azimuth plane, but its resolution at the elevation direction is very low. At the same time, CSAR 3-D imaging with Back Projection(BP) has high algorithm complexity and low imaging efficiency. A coherent 3-D imaging method for multi-circular SAR based on an improved 3-D back projection algorithm is proposed. For the problem of high time complexity of the imaging algorithm, an improved 3-D BP algorithm for CSAR based on constructing geometric interpolation kernel is proposed. 3-D interpolation operations are transformed into 1-D interpolation operations and distance vector searching operations. The final imaging result is obtained by coherently accumulating the improved 3-D BP results of multi-circular SAR. The proposed method solves effectively the problem of low elevation resolution of single-pass CSAR, improves 3-D imaging details, and reduces greatly the time of CSAR 3-D imaging simultaneously. The simulated 3-D imaging results of the conical target and GOTCHA data set from the US Air Force Laboratory verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.