基于三维打印技术的纳米奥克托今与梯恩梯熔铸炸药制备及性能研究

为解决传统熔铸炸药缺陷多、密度低、力学性能差等问题，将三维(3D)打印技术应用到熔铸炸药的成型制备中。采用自主研发的熔铸炸药3D打印成型原理样机，通过筛选熔铸炸药配方、优化工艺参数，成功打印出含纳米奥克托今和梯恩梯的熔铸炸药药柱。对打印的药柱以及传统浇铸的药柱进行了微观结构、密度和均一性、抗压强度以及爆速等性能表征对比。结果表明：3D打印成型的药柱结构密实，密度为1.65 g/cm³，提高2.0%；抗压强度为5.56 MPa，提高273%；爆速为7 184 m/s，提高2.1%；综合性能明显优于传统浇铸成型的药柱。

Preparation and Performances of Nano-HMX and TNT Melt-cast Explosives Based on 3D Printing Technology

3D printing technology is applied in the preparation of melt-cast explosives to solve the problems existing in traditional melt-cast explosives, such as more defects, low density, and poor mechanical properties, etc. An independently developed melt-cast explosive 3D printing principle prototype was used to prepare nano-cyclotetramethylenete-tranitramine (HMX)/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-based melt-cast explosives by selecting the melt-cast explosive formulas and adjusting the process parameters. And the microscopic structures, density, uniformity, compressive strength and detonation velocity of two kinds of melt-cast explosives prepared by 3D printing technology and traditional casting technology are characterized and compared. The results show that 3D printing melt-cast explosives have more compacting internal structures with the density of 1.65 g/cm³, the compressive strength of 5.56 MPa, and the detonation velocity of 7 143 m/s. The density, compressive strength and detonation velocity of 3D printing melt-cast explosive are improved by 2.0%; 273% and 2.1%, respectively, compared to the traditionally prepared melt-cast explosive.