Structure and electrical properties of BaTiO3 prepared by sol–gel process

BaTiO₃ nanopowders were synthesized from alkoxide solution precursor by sol–gel process. Attempts had been made to understand the synthesis process with the help of thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD and SEM results showed that the BaTiO₃ powders calcined at 700 °C for 2 h were maintained in cubic phase and the average size was 25 nm. The effects of the initial grain sizes of BaTiO₃ powders on the phase structures, microstructures and dielectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results indicated that both the grain size and the relative density of the ceramics increased with the increase in sintered temperature. The permittivity at room temperature was not sensitive to the grain size.