我国含铁食品营养强化剂及食品添加剂标准的比较研究

目的比较我国含铁食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂标准差异。方法对GB 14880-2012《食品安全国家标准食品营养强化剂使用标准》和GB2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》中规定的含铁食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂的功能、使用范围、使用量以及各标准设置的理化指标、限量、标准发布时间等进行比较分析,对我国含铁食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂标准制定进行探讨。结果 GB14880-2012中规定了19种化合物可作为铁补充剂, GB 2760-2014中规定了7种含铁食品添加剂,目前已制定国家标准且现行有效的共14种,所有标准中均设置了理化指标,其中安全性项目主要是原料阴离子及重金属。重金属以铅和总砷的指标最有代表性。除了硫酸亚铁,所有亚铁类产品均设置了三价铁的相关项目控制产品质量。在重金属限量设置上,铅限量为1～10.0 mg/kg;总砷限量则在1.0～4.0 mg/kg之间。总汞限量,除了焦磷酸铁为3.0 mg/kg,其余均为1.0 mg/kg。结论结合我国国情,提出了我国食品营养强化剂和食品添加剂国家标准体系存在的主要问题。

Comparative research of the standards of food nutritional fortifier and food additive with iron in China

Objective The present study is to compare the differences of the standards of food nutritional fortifier and food additive with iron in China. Methods The function, scope of use, amount of use, physical and chemical index, limit and release time?of the standards of food nutritional fortifier and food additive that contains iron in GB 14880 and GB2760 were compared and analyzed. The formulation of standards of food nutritional fortifier and food additive that contains iron in China were also discussed. Results In GB 14880-2012, 19 compounds can be used as iron supplements;while in GB 2760-2014, Seven food additives containing iron are provided. At present, the national standards of 14 kinds of compounds have been established national standards Physical and chemical indexes of them have been set up in those 14 national standards.The risk items in the standards are mainly the anions of raw material and heavy metals. Lead and total arsenic are the most representative heavy metals..Except ferrous sulfate, all ferrous products were required with items related to trivalent iron to control product quality. As for the heavy metal limits, the lead was t 1mg/kg to 10.0mg/kg; and the total arsenic limit was between 1.0mg/kg and 4.0mg/kg.While for the total mercury limits, it was 1.0mg/kg except for 3.0mg/kg inferric pyrophosphate. Conclusion Combing the facts of food nutritional fortifier and food additive with iron in China, we pointed out the main problems of the national standard system of food nutritional fortifier and food additive currently, and tried to offer useful information for the formulation or revision of national standards of food nutritional fortifier and food additive in China.