贮藏温度对新鲜茎瘤芥品质和保鲜的影响

研究不同贮藏温度对新鲜茎瘤芥品质和保鲜效果的影响。茎瘤芥经预处理后，用聚乙烯袋(厚度0.03mm)包装，分别贮藏于相对湿度(RH)85%～95%的0、5、10℃和15℃恒温箱中，统计22d贮藏期内发芽率、腐烂率、商品率，每5d测定抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白等指标。结果表明：0℃和5℃的低温贮藏与10℃和15℃的贮藏条件相比，显著提高了茎瘤芥的商品率，降低了茎瘤芥的发芽率、腐烂率、质量损失率，延缓了抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白含量的下降，但不同温度间总酚和类黄酮变化规律性不强。其中0℃贮藏效果最好，商品率100%、腐烂率0%，贮藏期可达50d，且保持了茎瘤芥良好的品质，贮藏至第20天，其抗坏血酸分别比10、15℃贮藏的茎瘤芥高109%和208%，可溶性蛋白较5、10℃和15℃贮藏高16.7%、59.0%和89.6%。由此可知，10、15℃不利于茎瘤芥保鲜与贮藏，而0℃和5℃对茎瘤芥具较好保鲜效果，保持茎瘤芥良好的采后品质，但0℃总体上优于5℃，故0℃是茎瘤芥最适宜的贮藏温度。

Effect of Storage Temperature on Quality and Preservation of Fresh Tumorous Stem Mustard

The effect of different storage temperatures on postharvest quality and preservation of fresh tumorous stem mustard was investigated. Fresh tumorous stem mustards were packaged with 0.03 mm thick polyene bag after pretreatment prior to storage in cooling incubators at 85%－95% relative humidity (RH) and different temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15 ℃), respectively. During the storage period of 22 days, germination rate, decay degree and commodity rate were recorded and the contents of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS) and soluble protein were measured every other 5 days. The results indicated that tumorous stem mustard showed significantly reduced germination rate, decay degree and weight loss rate and increased commodity rate during storage at 0 ℃ and 5 ℃ when compared with storage at 10 ℃ and 15 ℃, and the decrease of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS) and soluble proteins in tumorous stem mustard was delayed during storage at 0 ℃ and 5 ℃, but the contents of total phenols and flavonoids in tumorous stem mustard at different storage temperatures revealed an un-regular change. The best preservation effect with 100% commodity rate and 0% decay degree was observed during storage at 0 ℃. The storage life could reach up to 50 days under the optimal storage conditions. The ascorbic acid content in samples stored at 0 ℃ was increased by 109% and 208% when compared with those stored at 10 ℃ and 15 ℃, respectively. The level of soluble proteins in samples stored at 0 ℃ was increased by 16.7%, 59% and 89.6% when compared with those stored at 5, 10 ℃ and 15 ℃, respectively. In conclusion, storage at 0 ℃ and 5 ℃ is more beneficial to maintain postharvest quality of tumorous stem mustard than storage at 10 ℃ and 15 ℃. The most appropriate storage temperature is 0 ℃ for fresh tumorous stem mustard.