黑虎掌菌营养成分的测定与评价

目的：对野生黑虎掌菌的营养成分和营养品质价值进行系统分析。方法：依据各营养成分测定国家标准对黑虎掌菌(干制品)的营养成分进行测定与评价。结果：黑虎掌菌中粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分、水分含量分别为：15.74%、4.72%、2.57%、9.56%、7.83%。其中Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn矿质元素含量为751.55、33.76、318.07、116.77mg/kg。样品中必需氨基酸总量(EAA)为3339.85mg/100g、非必需氨基酸总量(NEAA)为6548.98mg/100g、氨基酸总量(TAA)为9888.83mg/100g。氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为7.62、3.92、48.46。EAA/TAA为33.77%，EAA/NEAA为51.00%，鲜味氨基酸总量占氨基酸总含量为36.68%。黑虎掌菌多糖重均分子质量(Mw)为765747D和11194D。结论：黑虎掌菌蛋白质含量较高，脂肪含量较低，碳水化合物和矿质元素含量丰富，营养较为均衡，是一种具有良好经济价值和开发前景的食用菌。

Determination and Analysis of Nutrition Components in Sarcodon aspratus

Purpose: To systematically determine the nutrients and quality of wild Sarcodon aspratus. Method: the nutritional values and ingredients of S. aspratus were examined and evaluated according to the national standards. Results: The contents of crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, crude polysaccharide and water in dry Sarcodon aspratus sample were 15.74%, 4.72%, 2.57%, 9.56% and 7.83%, respectively. The contents of mineral elements Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn were 751.55, 33.76, 318.07, 116.77 mg/kg, respectively. The essential, non-essential, and total amino acids were 3339.85, 6548.98 mg/100 g and 9888.83 mg/100 g, respectively, and the amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were 7.62, 3.92 and 48.46, respectively. Additionally, EAA/TAA and EAA/ NEAA were 33.77% and 51.00% and the flavour amino acid content was 36.68% in the total amino acids. Crude polysaccharide extracted from Sarcodon aspratus was mainly composed of two fractions, of which the molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to be 765747 D and 11194 D, respectively. Conclusion: S. aspratus, with high protein, low fat, and rich in carbohydrates and mineral elements, is of good economic value and has great potential to be developed.