老年人人因工程研究热点的文献分析及其产品设计启示

目的 梳理和分析近十年来面向老年人的人因工程研究内容和趋势,并思考其对老年人产品设计的启示。方法 搜集人因工程领域的9本SCI/SSCI国际权威期刊上2011—2021年针对老年人的研究文献,通过文献统计并利用可视化工具VOSviewer软件进行关键词共现和时间跨度的聚类分析,掌握当前国际上老年人人因工程研究的热点和前沿,分析和总结研究的方法、特点和趋势,并思考当前热点和前沿对老年人产品设计的启发。结论 当前老年人人因工程研究秉持“以人为本、以用户为中心”的思想,且与最新技术的联系日趋紧密,研究内容和应用范围不断扩大,研究技术和手段更为丰富,学科交叉性更加凸显,其国际热点主要集中在行为和任务绩效、产品和技术的使用、身心健康、摔倒风险和行动安全、姿势和劳作健康五个方面,而新技术的接受、生理信号测量与虚拟技术的使用、认知与决策分析是新兴方向。面向老年人的产品设计应当重视老年人的安全和健康关切,聚焦人机关系和人机分析,考虑老年人的接受度和独特需求,深入到老年用户的心理和情感层面,进行更科学和精确的测试与评估,从而提升设计品质。

Literature Analysis on Research Hotspots of Ergonomics for the Elderly and Enlightenment to Product Design

The work aims to sort out and analyze the research contents and trends of ergonomics for the elderly in recent ten years, and think about its enlightenment to product design for the elderly. Research literature on the elderly in 9 SCI/SSCI international authoritative journals in the field of ergonomics from 2011 to 2021 was collected. Keywordco-occurrence and time span cluster analysis was conducted through literature statistics with visualization tool VOSviewer. The current international hotspots and frontiers of ergonomics researches on the elderly were mastered. The research methods, characteristics and trends were analyzed and summarized and their enlightenment to product design for the elderly were taken into consideration. At present, ergonomics on the elderly stick to the idea of "people-oriented and user-centered" and the relationship between ergonomics and the latest technology is becoming closer. The research content and application scope have been continuously expanded, the research technology and means have become richer, and the intersection of disciplines has become more prominent. The international hotspots of ergonomics for the elderly mainly focus on five aspects:behavior and task performance, use of products and technologies, physical and mental health, fall risk and action safety, posture and work health. The acceptance of new technologies, the use of physiological signal measurement and virtual technology, cognition and decision analysis are the new directions. The product design for the elderly should pay attention to the safety and health concerns of the elderly, focus on human-computer relations and human-computer analysis, consider the acceptance and unique needs of the elderly, go deep into the psychological and emotional levels of the elderly users, and adopt more scientific and accurate testing and evaluation, so as to improve the quality of design.